Drop-in bore gauge apparatus for female articulated connector

ABSTRACT

An apparatus for measuring wear and specified dimensions and aiding in the method of reconditioning of articulated connectors is disclosed. The apparatus is a drop-in bore gauge with a handle, a flange and at least one elongated fin for insertion into the bore of the female castings. Once inserted, dimensions can be determined by placement of the gauge at a reference point and observing the location of an elongated fin measuring edge relative to the bore.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a division of and claims benefit under 35U.S.C. §121 of Nonprovisional application Ser. No. 10/170,892, filedJun. 13, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,944,925, both of which applicationsclaim priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/298,162, filedJun. 13, 2001.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Multi-unit railroad cars are typically interconnected using couplings,such as articulated connectors, to link one unit to the next. Mostoften, the connectors include a male casting portion mounted to the endstructure of one of the rail car units which is joined to a femalecasting portion located on the end structure of the adjacent rail carunit. Joining of the male and female portions results in an articulatedconnection between the rail car units. The most frequently usedconnectors of this type in the U.S. industry include connectorsmanufactured by American Steel Foundries, Inc. (ASF) of Granite City,Ill. and Meridian Rail, Inc. (formerly and hereinafter NationalCastings) of Lombard, Ill.

The cargo portion of a railroad train comprises a plurality ofmulti-unit rail cars linked in this fashion. As such, the drivinglocomotive is only acting directly on the car adjacent to it, which isthen joined to the next unit, etc. The pulling, or pushing, of the railcar units by the locomotive creates a significant level of stress oneach connector as each bears the entire force of the rest of the railcars. Any contact between the rigid areas of the male and female castingportions results in wear on those contact areas of the connectors.

The stress placed on the connectors results in wearing of the metal atseveral points of contact between the male and female portions of theconnectors, or their respective components, due to impact and frictionalcontact. As articulated connector castings are an integral part of thecar structure and are difficult and expensive components to replace, itis favorable to repair or recondition the connectors as opposed toreplacing them or the entire rail car. Connector castings can commonlytravel 1,200,000 miles or more without the need for significantmaintenance. In the past, reconditioning of most rail car components hasinvolved removing various parts from the rail car and reapplying themback into place after such reconditioning. Some couplers have beenreconditioned in this way, especially those removable by design.Articulated connectors, however, are not suited for such removal andrepair since they are integral to the car and such repair would beinefficient, time consuming, and expensive.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a methodof reconditioning rail car connectors such that the reconditioningoccurs while the castings are still attached to the rail cars. It is afurther object of this invention to simplify the measurement of portionsof the connectors ensuring that the connectors are reconditioned to theappropriate dimensions, including the use of appropriate gauges. It isyet a further object of this invention to provide a method ofreconditioning rail car connectors utilizing gauges to take themeasurements of the connectors while still attached to the rail car. Itis still another object of this invention to provide a method forreconditioning rail car connectors using a less labor-intensive process.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect of the invention, a drop-in bore gauge is set forth foruse in reconditioning an articulated connector while it is still mountedto the end structure of a rail car. The connector is measured todetermine areas and amounts of wear on the male and female castingportions of the connector. The gauges are placed in or on the connectorsrelative to a reference point in order to measure an area of wear. Assuch, the gauges are tailored to conform to the casting portionrequiring measurement and to contact the reference point.

In one embodiment a drop-in bore gauge for use in a female castingincludes a handle portion, a flange portion and a plurality of elongatedfins. The flange portion preferably extends outward from the handle toprevent the gauge from dropping into the bore. The elongated finspreferably extend from the handle ad define a predetermined measuringedge. The fins are preferably adapted to protrude into the bore with theinner surface.

It is to be understood that both the preceding summary and the followingdetailed description are intended to be exemplary and explanatory andare intended to provide a further explanation of the invention claimed.The invention will be best understood by reference to the followingdetailed description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.It should be noted that there could be a wide rage of changes made tothe present invention without departing from its scope. Thus, it isintended that the foregoing be regarded as illustrative rather thanlimiting and that it be understood that it is the following claims,including all equivalents, which are intended to define the scope of theinvention. Provisional Application No. 60/298,162 and Nonprovisionalapplication Ser. No. 10/170,892 disclose related and complementarymethods and apparatus and are hereby incorporated by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective top view of male and female casting portions ofan unassembled ASF type of connector;

FIG. 2 is a perspective cross-section view of an assembled NationalCastings type of connector;

FIG. 3 is a perspective cross-section view of an assembled ASFconnector;

FIG. 4 is a side view of a drop-in bore gauge;

FIG. 5 is a top view of a drop-in bore gauge;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a drop-in bore gauge;

FIG. 7 is a top view of a pivot gauge for ASF male castings;

FIG. 8 is a side view of a pivot gauge for ASF male castings;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a pivot gauge for ASF male castings;

FIG. 10 is a side view of an S-shaped gauge for National Castings malecastings;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an S-shaped gauge for National Castingsmale castings;

FIG. 12 is a top view of a drop-in gauge inserted into the top bore of aan ASF female casting;

FIG. 13 is a cross sectional view of a drop-in gauge inserted into thebores of an ASF female casting;

FIG. 14 is a bottom view of a drop-in gauge inserted into the bottombore of a National Castings female casting;

FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view of a drop-in gauge inserted into thebottom bore of a National Castings female casting;

FIG. 16 is a top view of a pivot gauge applied to an ASF male casting;

FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view of a pivot gauge applied to a male ASFcasting;

FIG. 18 is a top view of an S-shaped gauge applied to a NationalCastings male casting;

FIG. 19 is a cross sectional view of an S-shaped gauge applied to aNational Castings male casting;

FIG. 20 is a flow chart of the process for reconditioning a connectorcasting;

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a fixture assembly applied to a femaleconnector casting for use in a semi-automated embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 22 a is a front view of the fixture for use in a semi-automatedembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22 b is a top view of the fixture of FIG. 22 a for use in asemi-automated embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22 c is a side cross-section view of the fixture of FIG. 22 a foruse in a semi-automated embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22 d is a top cross-section view of the fixture applied to ASFfemale connector casting as shown in of FIG. 22 e;

FIG. 22 e is a front view of the fixture of FIG. 22 a applied to ASFfemale connector casting;

FIG. 23 is a flow chart of the semi-automated process;

FIG. 24 a is a front view of a centering tool;

FIG. 24 b is a bottom view of the centering tool of FIG. 24 a;

FIG. 25 is a plan view of a boring bar used in the semi-automatedprocess;

FIG. 26 is a cutting tool for use with the semi-automated process;

FIG. 27 is a plan view of an alignment tube for use with thesemi-automated process;

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a tool setting gauge for use with thesemi-automated process;

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a bore gauge for use with thesemi-automated process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring to FIGS. 1–3 generally, with like numbers representing likestructures, the articulated connector castings being reconditioned areattached to the rail car end structure (not shown) and usually include amale casting 10, 210 located on one rail car unit and a female casting12, 212 located on the following rail car unit such that the male andfemale castings can interlock joining the rail car units to form amulti-unit rail car. When the female and male castings are broughttogether, bores in both castings are aligned such that a pin 16, 216 canbe inserted, securing the male and female castings and their internalcomponents together and completing the connector. The connectors arearticulated such that they can rotate about the pin and have verticalangularity, allowing the rail car units to pivot relative to each otherduring movement around curved tracks and undulating terrain.

As noted above, there are two dominant articulated connector types usedin joining rail car units, namely ASF connectors and National Castingsconnectors, although other connector types exist which can be similarlyaccommodated by this invention. The following description of the ASF andNational Castings connectors is exemplary of rail car connectorsgenerally. As such, the following description of the invention istailored to industry standards, but the invention could be modified toaccommodate specific connectors used.

ASF Connectors

The ASF connector, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, comprises a male casting10 and a female casting 12. The female casting 12 is generally U-shapedin cross section to receive the male casting 10. The female casting 12includes a top portion 18 and a bottom portion 20, which are generallyplanar and are joined by sidewalls 22 and a generally concave backwall23. The sidewalls 22, backwall 23, top portion 18 and bottom portion 20define the generally U-shaped receiving cavity 34 of the female casting.Both the top portion 18 and the bottom portion 20 of the female castinginclude a cylindrical bore 24 and 26, respectively, which are alignedwith one another.

The female casting additionally includes a wedge system located alongthe concave backwall 23. The wedge system includes a wedge 36 and afollower block 38. The follower block 38 is designed to conform to thespherical contour of the portion of the male casting with which itcontacts. The wedge is then placed between the backwall 23 and thefollower block 38, holding the follower block 38 in place and providingpressure. The wedge is held in place by gravity and drops as wear occurswithin the system to maintain a low longitudinal slack condition,thereby keeping the follower block 38 in constant contact andcompression with the male casting 10.

The male casting 10 includes a forward end 28, which is a generallyU-shaped projection of generally constant thickness. The male casting 10has a bore 32 with generally square features at the side nearest theattaching car unit, or posterior surface 70 of the bore 32, and with aU-shaped concave surface nearest the opposite, anterior surface 54 ofthe bore. The male bore 32 is different in shape than the female bores24 and 26 as the anterior surface 54 of the male bore 32 is concave andgenerally spherical in shape and the bore has an overall greater volumethan that required for insertion of the pin. As such, a pin bearingblock 31 is inserted into the bore 32 and mates with the anteriorsurface 54 of the bore, as shown in FIG. 3. The shape of the pin bearingblock 31 is generally spherical along the end contacting the anteriorsurface 54 of the bore 32, to compliment the bore, and has a generallyvertical concave cylindrical shape along the opposite side to receivethe pin 16. When the pin bearing block 31 is placed in the bore 32, theconcave cylindrical side of the pin bearing block 31 and the posteriorend 70 of the bore 32 define the area to receive the pin as describedbelow.

The forward end 28 of the male casting is generally U-shaped tocompliment the interior of the female casting in shape. The forward end28 includes a contact surface 30 at the far end of the male castingwhich includes the generally U-shaped area. The contact surface 30 isthe portion of the male casting in contact with the follower block 38when the male casting 10 is inserted into the female casting 12.

Upon assembly, as shown in FIG. 3, the male casting 10, specifically theforward end 28 is inserted into the cavity 34 of the female casting 12.The contact surface 30 of the male casting is positioned against themirroring interior surface of the follower block 38 of the femalecasting such that the bore 32 in the male casting is aligned with thebores 24 and 26 of the female casting. When all three bores 24, 26 and32 are aligned, a cylindrical pin 16 can be inserted through them. Thepin 16 is inserted into the bore 24 in the top portion 18 of the femalecasting and then passes through the bore 32 in the male casting 10,which includes the pin bearing block 31, and then passes further toengage the bore 26 in the bottom portion 20 of the female casting 12.The top of the pin is preferably secured to the top of the femalecasting.

The wedge system works to eliminate slack from the connector system byapplying pressure on the male casting and hence on the bores and pin.Due to the wedge system and the general construction of the castings,significant wear occurs in selective areas. On the female casting,significant wear occurs on the anterior surfaces 103 of the female bores24 and 26 as the compressive forces from pulling cars pushes the pin 16against those surfaces. Conversely, the posterior surfaces 102 of thefemale bores receive negligible wear, as a result of the wedge systemnot allowing pin stress on this surface. On the male casting, some wearoccurs along the spherical anterior surface 54 of the bore 32 as the pinbearing block 31 rides against it. Conversely, the posterior surface 70of the male bore 32 receives negligible wear under normal operatingconditions. While wear occurs on the follower block 38, wedge 36, andpin bearing block 31, these components are generally replaceable and notsubject to reconditioning. The male casting also experiences significantwear on the contact surface 30 as a result of contact with the followerblock 38 and compressive forces from other rail car units.

National Casting Connectors

The National Castings connector, as shown in FIG. 2 with like numbersreferring to like structures, again comprises a male casting 210 and afemale casting 212. The female casting 212 is generally round in crosssection to receive the generally round male casting 210. The femalecasting 212 includes a top portion 218 and a bottom portion 220, whichare generally planar and joined by a generally rounded continuoussidewall 222. The top portion 218, bottom portion 220, and thecontinuous sidewall 222 define the receiving cavity 234 of the femalecasting. Both the top portion 218 and the bottom portion 220 of thefemale casting include a cylindrical bore 224 and 226, respectively,which are aligned with one another.

The male casting 210 includes a forward end 228, which is a generallyround projection of generally constant thickness. The male casting 210has a bore 232 generally cylindrical in shape. A bushing is insertedinto the bore 232 of the male casting to contact and protect the innersurface of the bore from significant wear. The bushing system preferablyincludes a retaining collar 231 and counterbore feature 233 which holdthe bushing in place in the male bore 232. The bushing is also generallycylindrical having a sleeve 235 which is capable of receiving the pinduring connection. Further, the bushing is made up of varying layers ofhardened steel and rubber capable of absorbing shock and wear.

The forward end 228 of the male casting is generally round to complimentthe interior of the female casting in shape. The forward end 228includes a contact surface 230 at the far end of the male casting whichincludes the generally rounded area. The contact surface 230 is theportion of the male casting that can come in contact with the continuoussidewall 222 of the female casting.

Upon assembly, the male casting 210, specifically the forward end 228 isinserted into the receiving cavity 234 of the female casting 212. Themale casting is positioned in the receiving cavity 234 of the femalecasting such that the male bore 232 and the sleeve 235 of the bushingsystem in the male casting are aligned with the bores 224 and 226 of thefemale casting. When all three bores 224, 226, 232 and the sleeve 235 ofthe bushing system are aligned a cylindrical pin 216 can be insertedthrough them. The pin 216 is inserted into the bore 224 in the topportion 218 of the female casting and then passes through the bore 232and hence sleeve 235 of the bushing system in the male casting 210 andthen passes further to engage the bore 226 in the bottom portion 220 ofthe female casting 212. The top of the pin is preferably secured to thetop of the female casting.

Compression and stress on the rubber in the bushing results in greatermovement of the male casting as a whole and can allow the contactsurface 230 of the male casting 210 to contact the continuous sidewall222 of the female casting. On the female casting, significant wearoccurs on the anterior surface 286 of the female bore 226 on the bottomportion 220 of the female casting. Some wear also occurs on the anteriorsurface of the female bore 224 of the top portion 218 of the femalecasting, but it is not usually significant since the bore 224 of the topportion 218 is generally larger in diameter. Negligible wear occurs onthe posterior sides of either bores 224 and 226 of the top portion andbottom portion of the female casting. Additionally, some wear can occuron the continuous sidewall 222 of the receiving cavity 234 of the femalecasting, although reconditioning of this wear is generally unnecessary.On the male casting, wear occurs along the contact edge 230 of the malecasting 210, as it comes into frictional and impact contact with therear portion of the sidewall 222 of the female casting 212. As fatigueoccurs on the bushing from contact with the pin, the bushing isreplaced.

During use of the rail car units so connected, wear can occur asspecified above due to friction caused by the pivoting and movement ofthe rail car units relative to one another. The following is a methodfor reconditioning and repairing rail cars at these common sites of wearwhile the connectors are still attached to the rail car. Thereconditioning returns the worn parts of the connectors back to theirproper dimensions to ensure peak performance upon re-connection of therail car units.

Reconditioning of the ASF Articulated Connector

The commonly worn areas of both the female and male castings should beprepared so that an accurate measurement can be taken to determine ifreconditioning is required. Such preparation includes cleaning thesurfaces of rust, dirt, grit, grease, lubrication residue, or the like.Substances such as grease, grime and lubricants can be scraped from thesurfaces. Remaining contaminants can be burned off with a torch orground away. Metal upsets on the surfaces to be reconditioned should becarefully machined smooth to prevent cold laps during later welding. Thefemale and male castings of the connectors are then measured todetermine if reconditioning is required.

Male Casting

The most commonly worn area of the male casting 10 is the contactsurface 30 of the male bore 32 as it is in frictional contact with thefollower block 38. FIG. 20 generally shows the steps of thereconditioning process applicable to both the male casting, and as willbe seen later, the female casting. Once the area to be measured has beenprepared and cleaned 300, the appropriate gauge is applied 302 to themale casting and the contact surface 30 of the male connector 10 ismeasured 304 by use of a gauge 40 designed specifically for the malecasting 10. In accordance with the present invention, the gauge 40generally mimics the shape of the contact surface 30 of the male casting10, the bore 32 and the pin bearing block 31 to allow a user todetermine whether the width of metal between the anterior surface 54 ofthe male bore 32 and the contact surface 30 varies from its originalvalues. The measurement of the ASF male connector is best accomplishedusing a pivot gauge 40, shown in FIGS. 7–9 and 16–17, and discussedbelow in further detail.

Once it is determined that the male casting 10 of the connector requiresreconditioning 304, the contact surface 30 and the surrounding areas arepreheated to between 300–500° F., for example by use of a torch with aheating tip, i.e. a rosebud welding nozzle. It is preferable to use anon-contact thermometer to identify that the preheat temperature iswithin the desired range. The affected area is then built up with weld306, preferably a Stoody 105-G (CO₂ and All-Position (AP) modified) wirehaving the following chemical composition by percent weight: 0.20% C;1.0% Mn; 0.4% Si; 3.2% Cr; 0.5% Mo; <0.50% Others; and balance % Fe.Another preferred wire is a Stoody 105-G (All-Position (AP) modified)wire or an equivalent wire.

The area is then machined 308 to within 1/16″ of the contour edge 84 ofthe pivot gauge 40, shown in FIGS. 7–9 and 16–17. Machining is generallythe removal of weld, metal, or other material and can include grinding,drilling, milling, turning, boring, and broaching, among others. Theweld is additionally blended into existing adjacent surfaces. Listedbelow are suggested machine settings for the welding operator. Thepreferred welding pattern for the weld application is concentricparallel arcs. The measuring gauge 40 should remain in place while theweld build up and machining steps occur, however the swing arm 44 ashould be pivoted or moved out of the way to prevent any interference orcontact with the heated weld. As a precaution, the surfaces of the gauge40 subject to weld spatter should be lightly coated with a spatterresistant product prior to welding. The swing arm 44 a should be pivotedout of the way of the weld area to avoid being covered with spatter, butcan remain in place on the male casting during welding.

Welding Feed Rate Wire Required Gas Position Volts Amps (ipm) Stoody 105G CO₂ or 75% Horizontal 27 210 330–370 (CO₂ & AP) Ar/25% CO₂ Stoody 105G CO₂ or 75% Flat 28 220 385–425 (CO₂ & AP) Ar/25% CO₂ (Downhand) Stoody105 G CO₂ or 75% Overhead 27 160 245–285 (CO₂ & AP) Ar/25% CO₂ Stoody105 G 75% Ar/ Horizontal 26 230 275–315 (AP modified) 25% CO₂ Stoody 105G 75% Ar/ Flat 28 230 385–425 (AP modified) 25% CO₂ (Downhand) Stoody105 G 75% Ar/ Overhead 26 175 265–315 (AP modified) 25% CO₂

Preferably, the application of weld to the worn surfaces should beperformed in a relatively still air environment to prevent loss ofshielding gas and fast cooling. The casting temperature should not beallowed to drop below 250° F. at any time during the build up process.It may, therefore, be necessary for the casting to be reheated duringthe process. If the welding process is interrupted for any length oftime, the welded area must be thoroughly covered with an insulatingblanket to prevent cracking. Welding practices known in the artregarding the removal of all slag, oxide scale and spatter betweenpasses should be followed. Weld should be finished as to not produce anotch effect at the junction of the weld with the parent metal and everyprecaution should be taken to avoid abrupt changes in section thicknessat the line of fusion. Cracks, incomplete fusion, overlaps, undercut,unfilled craters, voids, and other defects can be highly problematic andshould be avoided. For porosity, no rounded indications greater than3/16″ long, and no 6″ square regions containing ten or more roundedindications are preferred.

Once welding 306 and machining 308 are accomplished, the gauge 40 isagain used to re-qualify the part 310 and ensure proper repair hasoccurred, by checking that the dimensions are correct and no wear orover buildup remains. Preferably, the area is then thoroughly coveredwith an insulating blanket to allow slow cooling. Both preheating andslow cooling during the process are important to prevent cracking. Aftercooling, the restored area is tested using dye penetrant or magneticparticle inspection to ensure the quality of the restored surface isfree of defects.

The preferred gauge 40, as shown in FIGS. 7–9 and 16–17, for use inmeasuring the ASF male connector is a pivot gauge, which preferablyincludes two members: a base 42 and a swing arm assembly 44. The base 42is generally a block-shaped member having a plurality of sides as shown.The top of the base 42 includes an opening 78 to receive a portion ofthe swing arm assembly 44. The front side of the base 42 has arelatively spherical surface 52 to engage the anterior surface 54 of thebore 32 in the male casting 10, which has a complimentary shape. Thecomplimentary shapes allow the proper vertical relationship of the gaugeto the male casting to ensure accurate measurement of the worn portion.The rear side 56 of the base preferably includes an opening 58 toreceive a screw jack assembly 60. The screw jack assembly 60 includes athreaded rod 62 having a brace end 64 and a nut 66, forming an expandingclamp brace. The brace end 64 is configured to brace or secure the base42 against the interior of the male bore 32. Preferably, the brace end64 has three legs 68 contacting the posterior surface 70 of the malebore 32. The nut 66, when turned, extends or retracts the brace end 64from the base 42. As a result, the turning of the nut 66 can extend thebrace until it is flush with the posterior surface 70 of the male bore32 securing the base 42 of the pivot gauge in the male bore 32. Theanterior surface 54 and posterior surface 70 are typically unworn orminimally worn portions of the bore 32 that are sufficient for referencemeasurement for refinishing.

The swing arm assembly 44 comprises a swing arm 44 a, a cylindricalholder 44 b, and a plate 44 c. The swing arm 44 a is generally L-shaped,and includes an extension arm portion 74 and a measurement arm portion76. The length of the extension arm 74 is determined by the dimensionsof the male casting generally, including the contact surface 30 and themale bore 32.

The swing arm assembly 44 is pivotally connected to the base. Plate 44 cis secured to the base 42 by a countersink bolt 48 located on the plate44 c. The countersink bolt 48 is received in opening 78 in the base 42.The cylindrical holder 44 b, which preferably has a top portion 43 and abottom portion 45, is then pivotally attached to the plate 44 c. Thebottom portion 45 of the cylindrical holder 41 is preferably insertedinto a hole (not shown) in plate 44 c and is secured to the plate,preferably with a c-shaped clip (not shown) inserted into and around asmaller diameter of a groove in the bottom portion 43 of the cylindricalholder 41.

The top portion 43 of the cylindrical holder 41 includes a notch 47 toreceive the extension arm 74 of the swing arm 44 a. Additionally, aninline hole 49 extends horizontally through the cylindrical holder 41which aligns with a similar hole (not shown) in the extension arm. A pincan then be inserted through the hole 49 and the hole in the extensionarm 74, securing the extension arm 74 to the cylindrical holder 41.

The swing arm assembly results in the plate 44 c being secured to thebase 42 via countersink bolt 48, the cylindrical holder 44 b beingremovably and pivotally secured to the plate 44 c, and the swing arm 44a being removably and pivotally secured to the cylindrical holder 44 b.The swing arm 44 a is thus capable of pivoting generally vertically upfrom the base around the inline hole 49 and pin. This allows the swingarm 44 a to be pivoted up and away from the male casting 10, whendesired. The cylindrical holder 44 b and hence the swing arm 44 a areadditionally able to pivot horizontally around the axis of thecylindrical holder 44 b, allowing the swing arm 44 a and its contouredge 84 to sweep along a desired range of the male casting contactsurface 30, as shown in FIG. 16.

The swing arm 44 a additionally includes a flat portion 46, which ispart of the extension arm 74 that contacts the plate 44 c and ensuresthe proper relationship between the contour edge 84 and the sphericalsurface 52 of the base 42. The measurement arm 76 then extendsdownwardly from the extension arm 74.

The measurement arm 76 includes a front edge 82 and a contoured edge 84.The curve of the contour edge 84 is designed to conform in shape withthe contact surface 30 of the male casting 10 of the connector. Thecontoured edge 84 can swing the entire range of the contact surface 30of the male casting 10. The length of the extension arm 74 is such thatthe contour edge 84 of the swing arm 44 a is less than approximately ⅛″from the contact surface 30 of a male casting 10 having no wear. Thedistance between the contour edge 84 and the contact surface 30 of thenon-worn male casting 10 may be different based on the type of connectorbeing used, but should allow the user to determine whether anappropriate amount of wear has occurred requiring reconditioning. Such adetermination is described below.

Once the surface to be reconditioned has been cleaned and prepared, thepivot gauge 40 is used to determine if reconditioning is necessary.First, the base 42 is inserted into the bore 32 of the male casting 10such that the spherical surface 52 is in contact with the anteriorsurface 54 of the bore 32. The nut 66 of the screw jack assembly 60 isthen turned until the brace end 64 is sufficiently extended against theposterior surface 70 of the male bore 32. If, for example, a threelegged brace as shown in FIGS. 16–17 is used, the nut 66 should beturned by hand until all three legs 68 are flush against the posteriorsurface 70. The nut 66 should be snug, preferably turned no more than ⅛of a turn past finger tight. The swing arm assembly 44 is then securedto the base 42, by inserting the countersink bolt 48 of the plate 44 cinto the opening 78 in the base 42, pivotally attaching the cylindricalholder 44 b to the plate 44 c, and pivotally attaching swing arm 44 a tothe cylindrical holder 44 b. The swing arm 44 a can now be rotated overthe contact surface 30 of the male casting 10. The anterior surface 54of the bore 32 in the male casting 10 acts as a reference point todetermine the sum of material thickness lost due to wear between theanterior surface 54 and the contact surface 30 of the male casting 10.The anterior surface 54 is suitable to be used as a reference surface asit should not have significant wear itself and will generally maintainits original dimension and contour. It should be noted that restorationof the contact surface 30 will also account for the minimal wear on theanterior surface 54.

The pivot gauge 40 serves two purposes. The first use of the pivot gaugeis to move the swing arm 44 a through a maximum range, marked as A inFIG. 16, covering a portion of the contact surface 30 to ensure that nointerference exists. If any interference is found through the maximumrange in that the dimensions of the contact surface 30 are greater thanspecified, those areas must be machined to conform to the gauge contour.Then the pivot gauge 40 is moved through a minimum range, marked as B inFIG. 16, having a smaller arc and covering a smaller area of the contactsurface 30. The area included in the minimum range is subject to thegreatest amount of wear during use and is hence a critical area formeasurement. To determine if reconditioning is necessary, the swing arm44 a is moved through the minimum range B. If at any time a ¼″ orgreater diameter cylindrical pin can be inserted between the contouredge 84 of the swing arm 44 a and the contact surface 30 of the malecasting 10 of the connector within the minimum range, reconditioning ofthe male casting 10 is required. If a ¼″ or greater diameter pin cannotbe inserted between the contour edge 84 of the swing arm 44 a and thecontact surface 30 of the male casting 10 of the connector within theminimum range, reconditioning of the male casting 10 is not required.After reconditioning of the worn areas is completed, as described above,the swing arm 44 a is rotated through the maximum limits again to ensureproper repair has occurred and no excess weld remains.

Female Casting

The most commonly worn areas of the female casting 12, as shown in FIGS.12–13, are the anterior surfaces 86 of the bores 24 and 26, since theseare in frictional contact with the pin 16 holding the castings together.The measurement of the female casting 12 is accomplished by use of agauge 88 designed specifically for the bores 24 and 26 of the femalecasting 12. The gauge 88 generally mimics the shape of the bores 24 and26 of the female casting 12 to determine if the bores vary from theiroriginal dimensions. The measurement of the ASF female casting 12 isbest accomplished using a drop-in gauge, shown in FIGS. 4–6 and 12–15,and discussed below in further detail.

If restoration of either of the bores 24 or 26 of the female casting 12is required, the anterior surface 86 of the bores so affected and thesurrounding area is preheated to between 300–500° F., for example by useof a torch heating tip, i.e. a rosebud welding nozzle. The affected areais then built up with weld, preferably Stoody Build-Up APG (CO₂modified) wire having the following chemical composition by percentweight: 0.12% C; 1.0% Mn; 0.4% Si; 1.4% Cr; 0.5% Mo; <0.50% Others; andbalance % Fe. Another preferred wire is Stoody Build-Up APG wire orequivalent wire. The built-up area is then machined to within 1/16″ ofthe appropriate gauge. The weld is additionally blended into existingadjacent surfaces. The following are suggested machine settings for thewelding operator. The preferred welding pattern for the weld applicationis concentric parallel arcs.

Feed Welding Rate Wire Required Gas Position Volts Amps (ipm) Stoody CO₂or Horizontal 25 200–225 300–375 Build-up 75% Ar/ APG (CO₂ 25% CO₂modified) Stoody CO₂ or Flat 26 200–225 340–400 Build-up 75% Ar/(Downhand) APG (CO₂ 25% CO₂ modified) Stoody CO₂ or Overhead 25 160–180245–280 Build-up 75% Ar/ APG (CO₂ 25% CO₂ modified) Stoody 75% Ar/Horizontal 25 200–225 300–375 Build-up 25% CO₂ APG Stoody 75% Ar/ Flat26 200–225 340–400 Build-up 25% CO₂ (Downhand) APG Stoody 75% Ar/Overhead 25 160–180 245–280 Build-up 25% CO₂ APG

The same precautions and protocol should be followed regarding weldbuild up and machining as with the process on the male casting 10,described above. The female casting 12 is then again measured with theappropriate gauge 88 to ensure that the proper dimensions have beenrestored. The area is then thoroughly covered with an insulating blanketto allow slow cooling. Both preheating and slow cooling during theprocess are important to preventing cracking. After cooling, therestored area is preferably tested using dye penetrant or magneticparticle inspection to ensure the quality of the restored surface isfree of defects. As a final check, an unworn connector pin or equivalentgauge must be easily inserted through both bores at the same time.

The measurement of the ASF female connector is preferably accomplishedusing the drop-in gauge 88, shown in FIGS. 4–6 and 12–13. As shown inFIG. 5, the drop-in gauge 88 preferably includes four radially extendingmeasurement fin sections, each positioned at 90 degrees from theadjacent fin. The fins 90 are preferably of sufficient length to extendthrough the bores 24 and 26 in the female casting 12 of the connector,and each fin preferably defines a measurement edge. The drop-in gauge 88has a top end 92 and a bottom end 94. The top end 92 of the drop-ingauge 88 can be used as a handle portion. The top end 92 also includestabs or flanges 96 on each fin 90 of the gauge 88 to create shoulders 98at the top end 92 of the gauge 88 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6. The widthof the flange 96 is greater than the width of the rest of the fins 90and greater than the width of the bores 24 and 26 in the female casting12. Thus, the drop-in gauge 88 can be seated in the bore without fallingthrough, as shown in FIGS. 12–13. The width of the arms. 90, notincluding the extensions of the tabs 96, is such that total width ordiameter 100 of the gauge is approximately less than ⅛″ less than thediameter of an unworn bore. Different diameter gauges can be used basedon different connectors and their required dimensions.

The drop-in gauge 88 can be used on both the upper bore 24 and lowerbore 26 of the female casting 12. The gauge 88 is inserted into bothbores 24 and 26 and is positioned squarely against the posterior surface102 of the bores, which functions as a reference point as it receivesnegligible wear. If a ⅛″ diameter pin can be inserted between the fins90 of the gauge 88 and any point of the anterior surface 86 of the bore,restoration of the bore is required. If a ⅛″ diameter pin cannot beinserted between the arms 90 of the gauge 88 and any point of theanterior surface 86 of the bore, restoration of the bore is notrequired.

Once the welding and machining steps on the female bores 24 and 26 havebeen completed, the drop-in gauge 88 is placed in the reconditionedbore, again positioned squarely against the posterior surface 102 of thebores 24 and 26 using the flanges 96 as guides. The gauge 88 must easilyrotate at least 180 degrees within the bores to assure that the properdimensions are met.

Reconditioning of National Castings Articulated Connectors

Reconditioning of the National Casting connectors is done using similarmethods. Typical wear areas, of the National Castings connectors includethe anterior surface 286 of female bore 226 located in the bottomportion 220 of the female casting 212 and the contact surface 230 of themale casting 210, as shown in FIG. 2. The female casting 212 of theconnector is reconditioned in the same manner as the ASF female casting,except that the National Castings female casting 212 usually has onlyone bore 226 subject to wear rather than both and may require adifferent dimension gauge.

Determining if the male casting 210 of the National Castings connectorrequires reconditioning is ascertained using a different gauge, bettersuited for its shape. Specifically, determination of requiredreconditioning is preferably accomplished using an S-shaped gauge 106.The S-shaped gauge is preferably formed from hardened plate steel andhas five segments roughly forming an S-shape as shown in FIGS. 10, 11and 19. The first four segments, 108, 110, 112, and 114 are locatedrelatively perpendicular to one another. The following dimensions arefor a standard National Castings connector, but they could be changed toaccommodate another type of connector having different dimensions. Thesegments are preferably approximately 1″ wide. The joint between thefirst segment 108 and second segment 110 is a sharp corner at 90degrees. The joint between the second segment 110 and third segment 112is preferably curved and has a 0.5″ radius as does the joint between thethird segment 112 and the fourth segment 114. The joint between thefourth segment 114 and fifth segment 116 is a sharp corner at 90degrees. Preferably, the overall length of segments 108, 112 and 116 is7″ while the width of the gauge is 9.07″ at its widest.

The outer edge of the fifth segment 116 is different from the othersegments. While most of the segments are generally rectangular in shape,the outer edge 118 of the fifth segment 116 is designed to appropriatelymeasure the contour of the male connectors. At each end of the fifthsegment 116, the corners 120 of the outer edges 118 are constructed atan acute angle, preferably 6 degrees, from the expected angle, namelythat of the 90 degree inner edge of the fifth segment 116. The corners120 are constructed with a 0.2″ radius. Both corners 120 contain theacute angle along the outer edge 118. The two angled corners 120 of theouter edge 118 meet at a midpoint 122 of the segment, approximately 3.5″from each end. The two portions create an obtuse angle, preferably 168degrees, along the outer edge 118 of the fifth segment 116 with the apexat the midpoint 122 of the segment 116 as can be seen in FIGS. 10 and11. The inside dimension between the first segment 108 and the thirdsegment 112 is preferably 2.805″ while the inside dimension between thethird segment 112 and the fifth segment 116 is preferably 2.930″. Takingmeasurements will hence differ based on whether the A side, the firstsegment 108 of the gauge 106, or the B side, the fifth segment 116 ofthe gauge 106 is used. Different circumstances will call for the use ofeither side of the gauge as will be explained below.

Determining whether the male casting 210 of the connector requiresreconditioning involves two measurements taken with the S-shaped gauge106, once the bushing is removed. The first is measuring the gap 126between the contact surface 230 of the male casting 210 and the backedge 124 of the third segment 112. The measurement is taken by placingthe first segment 108 of the S-shaped gauge 106 flush against theanterior surface 128 of the male bore 232. The anterior surface 128 ofthe male bore 232 acts as a reference point as negligible wear occursthere. The second segment 110 must also be flush against the top 130 ofthe male casting 210 adjacent to the bore 232 as seen in FIG. 19. TheS-shaped gauge 106 is kept perpendicular to the bore 232 as it is sweptthrough a preferably 80° angle as shown in FIG. 18. The secondmeasurement is taken by placing the outer edge 132 of the first segment108 against the far inside edge of the sidewall 222 of the femalecasting 212 of the connector.

Using these two measurements, the following will determine if the malecasting 210 requires reconditioning. If a ⅛″ diameter pin can beinserted in the narrowest gap 126 between the contact surface 230 of themale casting 210 and the back edge 124 of the third segment 112 of theS-shaped gauge 106, but a ⅛″ diameter pin cannot be inserted in thelargest gap between the far inside end of the sidewall 222 of the femalecasting 212 and the first segment 108 of the S-shaped gauge, restorationof the contact surface 230 is required using side A of the S-shapedgauge. Alternatively, if a ⅛″ diameter pin can be inserted in thenarrowest gap 126 between the contact surface 230 of the male casting210 and the back edge 124 of the third segment 112 of the S-shaped gauge106, and a ⅛″ diameter pin can be inserted in the largest gap betweenthe far inside end of the sidewall 222 and the first segment 108 of theS-shaped gauge 106, restoration of the contact surface 230 of the malecasting 210 is required using side B of the S-shaped gauge. If a ⅛″diameter pin cannot be inserted in the narrowest gap 126 between thecontact surface 230 of the male casting 210 and the back edge 124 of thethird segment 112 of the S-shaped gauge, but a ⅛″ diameter pin can beinserted in the largest gap between the far inside end of the femalesidewall 222 and the first segment 108 of the S-shaped gauge,restoration of the contact surface 230 is required using side B of theS-shaped gauge 106. Lastly, if a ⅛″ diameter pin cannot be inserted inthe narrowest gap 126 between the contact surface 230 of the malecasting 210 and the back edge 124 of the third segment 112 of theS-shaped gauge 106, and a ⅛″ diameter pin cannot be inserted in thelargest gap between the far inside end of the female sidewall 222 andthe first segment 108 of the S-shaped gauge, restoration of the contactsurface 230 is not required.

If it is determined that the contact surface 230 of the male casting 210requires reconditioning, the process is similar to that for the ASFconnector. The area in and around that requiring reconditioning ispreheated to 300–500° F. A non-contact thermometer should be used toconfirm proper temperature. The affected area is then slightly overbuiltwith weld, preferably using the same weld wires and the same machinesettings as with the male ASF connector. The built-up area is thenmachined back to conform to the appropriate side of the gauge 106 andexisting adjacent surfaces. The same protocols as to welding, machining,and cooling of the reconditioned connector apply. The male casting islikewise remeasured to assure that the proper dimensions have beenachieved. It should again be noted that the bore 232 in the male casting210 of the connector should be checked to ensure that no weld splatteror protrusions are present which would hinder the subsequentinstallation of the bushing.

Semi-Automatic Process for Reconditioning Connectors

A semi-automatic technique will now be described as implemented for thereconditioning of an ASF female articulated connector casting. It iscontemplated that the presently preferred technique, with appropriatelymodified fixtures and gauges, will be applicable to other connectorcastings, female National Castings articulated connector castings, andthe male casting counterparts thereof.

As described above and shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 in the present disclosure,the ASF female casting 12 defines two bores 24 and 26 aligned on avertical axis and extending through a top 18 and bottom 20 portion ofthe female casting. The bores are sized to receive a pin 16 that extendsthrough the bores 24 and 26 and through a bore 32 in the male casting 10when the male casting is positioned between the top 18 and the bottom 20portions of the female casting. As noted above, the top and bottom boresof the female casting are prone to misshaping and disqualification dueto the wear caused by forces on the inner surfaces of the bore from thepin during use.

As noted in the description of the above method, reconditioning of thebores on the female casting is typically accomplished through the manualapplication of weld to the inner surfaces of each bore. The weldapplication is subsequently machined by hand to achieve a standardsizing and tolerance in the bores. The machining procedure can be atedious, manual process, and may take as much as 20 hours to complete byhand due to the superior strength of the materials used in the castingand the weld. It is therefore desirable to automate the machiningprocess, particularly where more than one bore is involved in a singlecasting, as in the case of the female ASF connector casting.

In accordance with the present invention, a fixture assembly is providedto assist in the automatic or semi-automatic reconditioning of an ASFfemale casting. Preferably, the fixture includes an adjustable, rigidframe apparatus as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22A–22E. Turning first to FIG.22A, the fixture 700 includes a horizontally positioned fixture weldmenttop plate 702 and a corresponding horizontal bottom plate 704. The topplate 702 and the bottom plate 704 are connected via a pair of spaced,vertical sideplates 706 rigidly attached to and extending between thetop plate 702 and the bottom plate 704. A pair of legs 707 is rigidlyattached in line with the sideplates 706 to the underside of weldmentbottom plate 704 for supporting the fixture weldment 704. Gussets 703are mounted in various corners of the frame of the fixture 700 toreinforce the rigidity of the structure. In the rigid frame of thefixture 700, the horizontal plate 702 and 704 and the verticalsideplates 706 define an interior space 708.

The fixture 700 incorporates a clamping means to allow attachment of thefixture 700 to a female ASF casting. Preferably, the clamping meansincludes at least a pair of contoured vertical plate weldments 710 thatextend inwardly from the sideplates 706. The inner walls of theweldments 710 define contoured receiving guideways 712 extending below aprotruding triangular flange 714 of the upper portion of each weldment710. The guideways 712 and a major portion of each vertical weldment 710are covered on one side with a tapped clamping plate 716 of generallyrectangular shape mounted flush to the face of each weldment 710. Asecond tapped clamping plate 718 sandwiches the narrow portion of eachof the vertical plate weldments 710 and extends generally parallel tothe tapped plate 716. Preferably, each tapped plate 718 is held in placewith the opposing tapped plate 716 via a set of alloy steel socket headscrews 726 that extend through openings in the vertical weldment 710.Preferably, high-strength alloy steel washers and hexagonal nuts areused in conjunction with the screws 726 to complete the damping and thefastening structure. The interior surface of each guideway 712 and theinner surfaces of each tapped plate 716 and 718 cooperate to define aslot opening 728 for holding the fixture 700 to the peripheral flange ofan ASF female casting.

FIGS. 21 and 22D–22E show the fixture 700 attached to an ASF femalecasting 730. In particular, FIGS. 22D–22E show that the slot opening 728is sized to capture the vertical portion of the annular flange 732defined on the outside of the female casting 730. By tightening thebolts or screws 726, the plates 716 and 718 may be drawn toward eachother to act as a clamp to capture the flange 732. As shown in FIG. 22D,threaded tightening bolts may be mounted to the front face of thevertical plate 716 to extend through a threaded opening defined throughthe plate 716 and into the slot opening 728. In this fashion, the bolts734 may be tightened against the flange 732 so that the flange 732 isurged against the plate 718 to more tightly secure the fixture 700 tothe female casting 730. Although it should be noted that other fasteningstructures may be provided, such as other types of dampingconfigurations and clamp jaws, the present embodiment has been shown tobe a simple and adequate exemplary approach.

To facilitate the attachment and alignment of a bore welder and anautomatic boring apparatus, the top and bottom plates 702 and 704 may beadapted to receive a bearing mounting structure. In particular, in thepreferred embodiment, each of the plates 702 and 704 may receive a mountor spherical bearing mount 750 and 752, respectively, such as the ModelNo. 26517 two-arm mount manufactured by Climax Portable Machine Tools,Inc. of Newberg, Oreg. As shown in FIGS. 22A and 22B, the mount 750 maybe secured using eight bolts and two nut plate assemblies extendingthrough openings in the top plate 702. The lower mount 752 may besecured to the bottom plate 704 in the same fashion. Each mount 750 and752 may be adjusted in its position relative to the top and bottom plate702 and 704. As shown in FIGS. 22A and 22B, each mount includes abearing receiving portion 750 a and 752 a, respectively. When thefixture 700 and each mount 750 and 752 is properly aligned on the femalecasting 730, the bores in the female casting 730 will be axially alignedwith the bore of each bearing receiving portion 750 a and 752 a to allowa boring bar to be inserted through the bearing receiving portion 750 a,through the bores of the articulated connector 730, and subsequentlythrough the bearing receiving portion 752 a on the bottom of the fixture700. The bearing receiving portions 750 a and 752 a are each configuredto receive a spherical bearing 754. An exemplary bearing includes theModel 26248 manufactured by Climax Portable Machine Tools, Inc.

An exemplary embodiment of the semi-automatic reconditioning techniquefor the ASF female articulated connector casting will now be described.FIG. 23 illustrates a flow diagram of one embodiment of the preferredmethod. The flow diagram will be described below in conjunction with thedrawings of FIG. 22A–22E. As shown in the first step 802, the femalecasting of the ASF articulated connector 730 is prepared forreconditioning. This preparation is similar to that of the previouslydescribed embodiments above. In general, however, dirt, grease,lubrication residue, and other contamination must be removed from thebore of the casting prior to the restoration procedure. Preferably, thisis performed through burn off and/or machining. Burrs are then removedfrom the top edges on the bores using a hand grinder.

Next, as shown in step 804, the fixture 700 is mounted to the female ASFcasting 730. As noted above, the clamp plates 718 are loosened from theside weldments 710 and the fixture is placed upon the peripheral flange732 of the female casting 730. Ideally, the fixture 700 is set flush andcentered against the top and front outer casting flanges 732. Theclamping plate 718 is rotated into position and tightened to the fixture700 around the flange 732, and the securement bolts 734 may be furthertightened to secure the fixture 700 tightly to the flange 732. Thedamping bolts are then tightened. The upper bearing mount 750 and thelower bearing mount 752 are then slightly loosened from the top andbottom plates by loosening their corresponding mounting bolts. A 2.25in. diameter alignment tube 751 having handle portion 753 and aligningportion 755, as shown in FIG. 27, is then inserted through the bore ofthe bearing 754 and bearing receiving portion 750 a, through the boresof the casting 730, and through the lower bearing 758 and bearingreceiving portion 752 a. The uniform alignment tube 751 is used toensure that the bearings are properly aligned with the bores of thecasting.

To ensure alignment of the tube within the bore of the casting 730, apair of centering gauges 902 are used to position the alignment tube 751relative to the casting. The centering gauges are shown in FIGS. 24A and24B. In the preferred embodiment, the centering gauge 902 is a 45-degreeannular cylindrical arc section having a 3.97-in. diameter outervertical wall 904 and a 2.26-in. diameter inner wall 906. Preferably,the material used to form the gauge is a hardenable steel.

As noted above, two of the centering gauges 902 are utilized to alignthe fixture 700. To align the fixture 700, the centering gauges 902 arepositioned between the alignment tube 751 and the unworn posterior boresurfaces of female ASF casting 730. Each bearing mount 750 and 752 isthen adjusted so that the alignment tube fits snugly against the innerwall 906 of the centering gauge and the outer wall 904 of the centeringgauge contacts the inner wall of the unworn posterior bore surfaces offemale casting 730. Once in this orientation, the bolts holding thebearing mounts 750 and 752 are tightened to the fixture 700. Thealignment tube 751 and centering gauges 902 may then be removedcarefully.

The welding operation may then proceed in accordance with step 808 inFIG. 23 to add weld metal to portions of the casting bores. In thepreferred embodiment, a bore welding device is utilized to rebuild andrefurbish the worn bores of the casting. An exemplary bore weldingdevice includes the Bortech Model 306-P Bore Welder supplied by ClimaxPortable Machine Tools, Inc. of Newberg, Oreg. Preferably, the borewelding device is adapted to interface the bearing mounting structuresof the fixture so that the device will operate in alignment with thebore of the casting. Of course, a number of other bore welding devicesmay be utilized without departing from the scope of the presentinvention. As with many conventional automatic welders, the devicepreferably may be programmed via a computer to specify the boreextension and the amount of weld to be applied to the bore, among otherparameters. Furthermore, the number of passes may also be programmedinto the operation in addition to a variety of other detailed steps.Preferably, the bore welding device is configured so that weld metal isapplied in successive, concentric arcs to the inside of the bore for 160degrees of nozzle sweep at the anterior side of the bore. This is wheremost of the reconditioning within the female ASF casting bore isrequired. Subsequent weld passes around the full diameter will alsolikely be necessary to assure bore cleanup during machining.

The chemical composition and alloy of the weld wire is as specifiedabove in connection with the previous embodiment. In the preferredembodiment herein, the bore welder settings are as follows:stepsize=2.8–2.9; wire speed=2.6–2.7; rotational speed=6.9–7.0; arcvolts=6.5–6.6. The welder power unit settings and required gas are asfollows: gas=CO₂ or 75% Ar/25% CO₂; volts=23–24; and amps=140–160. Theseparameters are exemplary only. It is important that following thecentering and securement of the bore welder, the bore is preheated to200° F. before welding. Following welding, the restored area is slowcooled to below 150° F. using an insulating blanket or equivalent. Thisprocess is repeated for both the upper and the lower bores of thecasting. The welding apparatus is then carefully removed from thecasting fixture 700 after the step 808 is completed.

Next, the boring operation is set up and initiated as shown in step 810of FIG. 23. As noted above, the boring operation removes excess weld andmachines the interior of the bore to a specified dimension. In thissemi-automatic method of the present invention, a specially designedboring bar is used in conjunction with an automated boring bar drivingassembly mounted to the fixture 700. In the preferred embodiment, thedriving assembly is a Model No. BB 1149 portable boring bar manufacturedby Climax Portable Machine Tools, Inc. of Newberg, Oreg. Of course, anumber of other boring bars or motorized assemblies may be utilizedwithout departing from the scope of the present invention.

In the preferred embodiment, a 60-in. modified boring bar is used torefine the bore in the ASF female casting. This boring bar 950 is shownin FIG. 25. As shown, the boring bar 950 is a modified standard barprovided by Climax Portable Machine Tools, Inc., and includes at leasttwo tool holder slots 952 and 954 extending radially from the axialcenter of the boring bar. The tool holder slots 952 and 954 are eachsized to receive a cutting tool 960 as shown in FIG. 26. Each cuttingtool 960 includes a pair of cutting ends 962 and 964 and each tool isreversible. The slots 952 and 954 orient each tool 960 so that itscutting edge protrudes radially from the boring bar 950 in oppositedirections, or 180 degrees, from each other.

In accordance with the method of the present invention, the boring barassembly, which preferably consists of axial feed assembly, rotationaldrive assembly, the boring bar 950, a plurality of claim scholars and aclamp ring, is mounted to the bearing mounting using an overhead hoistso that the boring bar extends through the top and bottom bearings 754and 758 and through the bearing receiving portions 750 a and 752 a.After mounting, the cutting tools 960 are inserted into the boring bartool holder slots 952 and 954. Tightening screws may be used to hold thecutting tools 960 properly in place to a specified extension on theboring bar 950 using a tool setting block 850, shown in FIG. 28.

The tool setting gauge 850, as shown in FIG. 28, is generally C-shapedand is placed around the boring bar 950 adjacent to the tool holderslots 952 and 954. The tool setting gauge 850 provides settings fordetermining the radial extension of the cutting tools 960 relative tothe boring bar 950. The generally C-shaped tool setting gauge 850includes two ends; a first end 851 which rests against the boring barand a second end 852 which includes an extension guide 854. Theextension guide portion 854 of the tool setting gauge 850 has preferablythree graded shoulders 856, 858, and 860 down the height of theextension guide portion 854 of the gauge. The shoulders 856, 858, 860are stepped increments in the width of the extension guide 854. Theextension guide 852 allows the cutting tool to extend to one of theshoulders; the three preferred dimensions, measured as the distanceshort of the final desired bore dimension on the radius, are 0.080″ fromfinal radius at shoulder 856; 0.030″ from final radius at shoulder 858;and a “finish” position which is 0.0″ from final radius at shoulder 860.When a cutting tool 960 is inserted into the boring bar 950, the toolsetting gauge is applied to the area and the length of extension of thecutting tool 960 from the boring bar is positioned using one of thethree shoulders. When the cutting tool 960 is in contact with theappropriate shoulder of the tool setting gauge, the screws securing thecutting tool 960 to the boring bar 950 are preferably tightened,resulting in the cutting tools 960 being secured at the proper extensionlength. The number and exact measurements of the shoulders of the toolsetting guide can be changed and adjusted based on the needs of thesystem.

The boring machine may then be programmed manually or via computer, asis well known in the art, to make one or more passes through the upperand lower bores of the female casting. Finally, in step 812 of FIG. 23,the reconditioned bores of the female casting are qualified preferablyusing a drop-in gauge which allows for bore size qualification with theboring bar installed.

As shown in FIG. 29, the drop-in gauge is bore gauge 961, which ispreferably a 180-degree annular cylindrical arc section. The bore gauge961 has two ends, each having different outer dimensions: a “GO” end hasa 4.000″ diameter outer vertical wall 963; a “NO GO” end has a 4.030″diameter outer vertical wall 967, with each gauge end sharing a common2.260″ diameter inner wall 965. Along the length of the bore gauge 961and between the two outer walls 963 and 967 are stop tabs 969 runningthe half circumference of the gauge, which have a greater width thanthat of the female bore which is being measured, and hence the boregauge can be positioned in the bore without falling through.

Preferably the material used to form the gauge is hardened steel. Thedimensions of the bore gauge can be adjusted based on the connectortype, the size of the bore being reconditioned, and the size of theboring bar used.

The inner wall 965 of the bore gauge 961 fits the boring bar 950 whilethe outer wall 963 of the bore gauge mirrors the female bore of theconnector 730 and is capable of determining whether the machined femalebore falls within the appropriate size and tolerance. The inner wall 965is positioned against the boring bar 952 diameter where it is slid overthe boring bar to make contact with the female bores. In this position,the “GO” side with outer wall 963 must slide easily and completely intoeach female bore from the top and bottom of each bore, while theopposite “NO-GO” side with outer wall 967 must not slide into the boresat all. The quality of the restoration is preferably inspected fordefects visually and with the use of common non-destructive methods suchas aye penetrant or magnetic particle.

Of course, one skilled in the art will realize that the machines,fixtures, tools and gauges used in the above embodiment of thereconditioning method are only exemplary and many alternatives exist.The examples illustrated herein are therefore not meant to berestricting.

1. An apparatus for measuring the inner surface of a bore defined in anarticulated connector, said bore having a central axis, apparatuscomprising: a handle portion; a flange portion extending outwardly fromsaid handle portion to prevent said handle portion from falling intosaid bore; a plurality of elongated fins upstanding from said handleportion, said fins being rigidly attached to said handle portion andsaid fins each defining at least one measuring edge having a specifiedradial distance from an elongated axis extending relative to said handleportion; and said fins adapted to protrude into said bore of saidconnector so that said elongated axis is substantially aligned with saidcentral axis of said bore, said at least one measuring edge beingconfigured to align with said inner surface of said bore.
 2. Theapparatus of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of said measuring edgescontacts the inner surface of said bore when said fins protrude intosaid bore.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said handle portion andsaid flange portion rest externally of said bore when said fins protrudeinto said bore.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said fins are ofequal size and extend radially from said elongated fins.